Журнал «Медицина неотложных состояний» Том 21, №6, 2025

Метою цього дослідження було вивчення організації анестезіологічної та реанімаційної допомоги під час масових катастроф у Киргизькій Республіці в період із січня по грудень 2024 року, з акцентом на підготовку й залучення фахівців у надзвичайних ситуаціях. Методологія включала аналіз роботи медичних закладів та екстрених служб, вивчення нормативно-правової бази, що регулює надання екстреної медичної допомоги, а також ретроспективне дослідження 412 випадків реанімації постраждалих у масових катастрофах за період 2019–2023 рр., включаючи військові конфлікти, як-от Баткенські події 2022 р. Розглянуто ключові показники ефективності роботи медичних бригад, зокрема час прибуття на місце події, час евакуації пацієнтів, швидкість початку інтенсивної терапії та рівень виживання в перші 48 годин після госпіталізації. Результати показали, що 47,3 % випадків становили дорожньо-транспортні пригоди, 27,2 % — техногенні аварії, 17,5 % — стихійні лиха та 8,0 % — масові заворушення й терористичні акти. Середній час прибуття медичних бригад дорівнював 18,4 ± 5,2 хвилини, тоді як час евакуації пацієнтів — 37,8 ± 8,6 хвилини. Швидкість початку інтенсивної терапії коливалася від 12,3 ± 3,1 хвилини при дорожньо-транспортних пригодах до 18,7 ± 4,5 хвилини при техногенних аваріях. Аналіз виявив розбіжності між національними протоколами й міжнародними стандартами, особливо в підходах до медичного сортування, організації мобільних польових госпіталів і тактики інтенсивної терапії. Оцінка системи підготовки анестезіологів та реаніматологів показала, що спеціалізовані курси значно поліпшують швидкість прийняття рішень, якість сортування пацієнтів та ефективність медичної евакуації, але практична підготовка в польових умовах залишається недостатньою. Отримані результати підкреслили необхідність адаптації міжнародних стандартів до національної системи охорони здоров’я, удосконалення логістики реагування на надзвичайні ситуації, модернізації технічного оснащення медичних бригад та розширення програм симуляційної підготовки для підвищення швидкості та якості реанімаційної допомоги під час масових катастроф.

The purpose of this study was to examine the organisation of anaesthesiology and resuscitation care in mass disasters in the Kyrgyz Republic in the period from January to December 2024, with a focus on the training and deployment of specialists in emergency situations. The methodology included an analysis of the work of medical institutions and emergency services, a study of the regulatory framework governing emergency medical care, and a retrospective study of 412 cases of resuscitation of victims in mass disasters, including military conflicts such as the Batken events of 2022, for 2019–2023. Key performance indicators of medical teams were examined, including time to arrival at the scene, patient evacuation times, speed of initiation of intensive care, and survival rates in the first 48 hours after admission to hospital. The results showed that 47.3 % of cases were road traffic accidents, 27.2 % were technogenic accidents, 17.5 % were natural disasters, and 8.0 % were riots and terrorist attacks. The average time of arrival of medical teams was 18.4 ± 5.2 minutes, while patient evacuation time was 37.8 ± 8.6 minutes. The rate of initiation of intensive care ranged from 12.3 ± 3.1 minutes in road traffic accidents to 18.7 ± 4.5 minutes in technogenic accidents. The analysis revealed discrepancies between national protocols and international standards, especially in approaches to medical triage, organisation of mobile field hospitals, and intensive care tactics. An evaluation of the training system for anaesthesiologists and resuscitators showed that specialised courses markedly improve the speed of decision-making, the quality of patient triage, and the efficiency of medical evacuation, but practical training in the field is still inadequate. The findings highlighted the need to adapt international standards to the national healthcare system, improve emergency response logistics, upgrade the technical equipment of medical teams, and expand simulation training programmes to improve the speed and quality of resuscitation care in mass disasters.

медичне сортування; мобільні госпіталі; інтенсивна терапія; евакуація пацієнтів; рівень виживання

medical triage; mobile hospitals; intensive care; patient evacuations; survival rates

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